Name: Period:
Energy
is the measure of how much work an object can do. Any object that is capable of doing work must have energy of some
sort. An object gives up its energy when it does work, but the result of that
work is to give it a different type of energy or to give another object energy,
either kinetic or potential. The net
effect when an object does work is that the energy is transformed from one kind
to another or is transferred from one object to another. Whenever energy is transformed, the total
amount of energy present does not change.
In this lab we will investigate the relationship between work, kinetic
energy and potential energy in a simple pop-up toy.
W = E
gained/lost
GPE = mgh KE
= ½ ms2 W = Fd
h =
s = F =
where g = 9.8 m/s/s d
=
1. Set the eyeball popper, place it on the table and let it go. Observe what happens and explain how energy is transformed in a pop. (Draw a diagram of the poppers motion and label the types of energy and their transformations.)
Mass = g = kg
3. Measure the height that the popper reaches at the top of its flight. Do this for five trials and average your results.
Height:
trial 1 _________
trial 2 _________
trial 3 _________
trial 4 _________
trial 5 _________
Average Height: meters
4. Calculate the Gravitational Potential Energy (GPE) that the eyeball popper has at the top of its flight. Show your work.
Gravitational
Potential Energy = ____________J
5. Based on the Law of Conservation of Energy,
how much kinetic energy did the toy have when it left the table and began
its flight? Explain how do you
know this answer without having to use an equation.
Kinetic Energy at Start of Flight =
6. How much kinetic energy will the toy have after it has fallen from the top of its flight and is just about to hit the table top? Explain how you know this answer without having to use an equation.
Kinetic Energy at End of Flight =
7. How much
elastic potential energy did the toy have when it was sitting on the table
about to pop?
Explain how you can know this answer when you don’t even have an equation for elastic potential energy:
Elastic Potential Energy =
8. a) At
what moment in its flight does the toy’s elastic PE become KE?
b) How much Work did the toy do using its elastic
potential energy in order to launch itself off the table?
Work =
c) By using a small ruler figure out the distance the popper has to move to launch itself off the table. (How far did it move while it was still touching the table?)
Distance =
d) Solve for the Force applied by the toy as it pushed
off the table, using the equation for WORK.
Average
Force =
9. How fast is
the popper going just after it leaves the table? Hint: look back to question 5 and your equations involving KE.
Speed
= ________________
10. How fast is the popper
going just before the end of its flight? Hint: look back to question 6 and your
equations involving KE.
Speed
= _______________
11. What happens to all of the
energy that the eyeball popper had when it lands on the table and comes to a
stop?
CHALLENGE:
12. If it landed on the floor
instead of on the table, how fast would it be going? (Hint: how far does it
fall to the floor, what is its GPE from the top of its path to the floor? What does that mean about energy?)